Having entered the Christmas season, we ask those who find the work of the Mystagogy Resource Center beneficial to them to help us continue our work with a generous financial gift as you are able. As an incentive, we are offering the following booklet.

In 1909 the German philosopher Arthur Drews wrote a book called "The Myth of Christ", which New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman has called "arguably the most influential mythicist book ever produced," arguing that Jesus Christ never existed and was simply a myth influenced by more ancient myths. The reason this book was so influential was because Vladimir Lenin read it and was convinced that Jesus never existed, thus justifying his actions in promoting atheism and suppressing the Orthodox Church in the Soviet Union. Moreover, the ideologues of the Third Reich would go on to implement the views of Drews to create a new "Aryan religion," viewing Jesus as an Aryan figure fighting against Jewish materialism. 

Due to the tremendous influence of this book in his time, George Florovsky viewed the arguments presented therein as very weak and easily refutable, which led him to write a refutation of this text which was published in Russian by the YMCA Press in Paris in 1929. This apologetic brochure titled "Did Christ Live? Historical Evidence of Christ" was one of the first texts of his published to promote his Neopatristic Synthesis, bringing the patristic heritage to modern historical and cultural conditions. With the revival of these views among some in our time, this text is as relevant today as it was when it was written. 

Never before published in English, it is now available for anyone who donates at least $20 to the Mystagogy Resource Center upon request (please specify in your donation that you want the book). Thank you.



November 13, 2021

The Reconciliation of Saint John Chrysostom and Saint Epiphanios of Salamis

 
Archbishop Theophilos of Alexandria was the enemy of Archbishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople. Bishop Epiphanios of Salamis, an enemy of Origenism, was told by Archbishop Theophilos that Archbishop John was harboring Origenist fugitives. Epiphanios traveled to Constantinople and conspired to discredit John and cast doubts on his leadership, while John did his best to accommodate his elderly colleague from Cyprus, not knowing he had been duped by Theophilos. Their differences, however, were irreconcilable. In the end, each bishop wished a dubious fate for the other, both of which came true: Epiphanios died on his journey home, and John was deposed twice and died in exile.

The historians Sozomen and Socrates record this encounter and the mutual prophecies of doom, yet both reserve their judgments as to whether or not it was true. Nonetheless, rumor or not, the story stuck, and still the Church considers both to be preeminent Fathers of the Church. This being the case, the Church has always sought to reconcile them in various ways, besides adding both to the calendar of the Church for commemoration. It was considered the best way to do this was to depict them in icons next to each other, particularly in the sanctuary. Indeed, we find this in many old churches throughout Greece.

If the story is true, the fact of the matter is that Saint Epiphanios was clearly given false information about Saint John Chrysostom, and in his zeal to eradicate the heresy of Origenism from the Church, Epiphanios went after Chrysostom based on false pretenses fed to him. 


Elder Epiphanios Theodoropoulos (+ 1989), whose patron saint was Saint Epiphanios of Salamis, yet who also loved Saint John Chrysostom very much, lamented their dispute, and wanted to do something to reconcile them once and for all. This is why he commissioned an icon of the two Saints to be depicted together, and he went further to have them depicted next to each other in the sanctuary of the Church of the Zoodochos Pege among the holy hierarchs, lifting their hands in prayer to God unified.

Another moment of reconciliation took place in 2007. That year Elder Ephraim, the abbot of Vatopaidi Monastery, brought the sacred head of Saint John Chrysostom to Cyprus to be venerated by the faithful. When he arrived at the airport in Larnaka, he was welcomed by Metropolitan Isaiah of Tamasos and Oreinis, who was holding the sacred head of Saint Epiphanios of Salamis. By this gesture, Saint Epiphanios received Saint John Chrysostom, a symbolic action which reveals the true character of the Saints.
 

 
 
 
 
 



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