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MYSTAGOGY

MYSTAGOGY
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J.Sanidopoulos
This weblog offers insights and analysis on various matters of life and thought from a 21st century Orthodox Christian perspective, among other things.
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Sunday, December 13, 2009

Two Miracles of the Holy Five Martyrs of Sebaste

Saints Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios, Orestes, & Eustratios, the Holy Five Martyrs of Sebaste (Feast Day - December 13)


Miracle 1

Saint Nikodemos the Hagiorite informs us of a miracle done through the grace of the Holy Five Martyrs in a metochion of Nea Moni Monastery in Chios dedicated to their name. It was passed on through the pious protopresbyter of Nauplion, Nicholas Malaxos.

This metochion is governed and supplied by Nea Moni Monastery for the day before and on the feast of its patrons, the Five Holy Martyrs Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios, Orestes, & Eustratios. It so happened that one year a heavy snow fell on the feast of the Saints. So much snow fell that it was impossible for the fathers of the Monastery to come down and supply all the necessities for the feast. The citizens of Chios also were unable to come because of the snow and bitter cold. A few had showed up for Great Vespers, but for the Orthros service only the priest showed up in church. He lit all the oil lamps, he called everyone to worship with the semantron, and gave the blessing for the service to begin.

As the priest was about to begin, suddenly he saw five men, well-dressed and serious. They entered the church with great reverence. By their mannerisms and presence the priest noticed they were not natives of Chios, and by their face he noticed they bore an uncanny resemblance to the five glorious martyrs as they were drawn in icons. He noticed that two of them went to the place of the right chanter stand, two went to the left chanter stand, and the fifth who resembled Orestes went to the analogion. When the time came, the one who looked like Orestes read with a beautiful voice, and the other four chanted with a sweet and graceful voice the sacred hymns. The priest saw this and listened and rejoiced, thanking and glorifying God for sending such helpers at a time when there were none to help. He was in awe and wonder not only at how much these five men looked so similar to their icon, but also how majestic and exact they read, and chanted so sweet. Still not exactly knowing who these five men were, he was wondering what he should do. He had wanted to ask them who they were before Orthros, but seeing their reverence and focus on the service prompted him to ask questions at the end.

When the time came in the Orthros service for the life and martyrdom of the Saints to be read, the one who looked like Saint Orestes stood in the middle of the church and read it. With great reverence he read of the trials of the Five Martyrs, and the others listened with gratitude. When he was reading, he arrived at the place where Agricolaus ordered Orestes to lie down on a bed of nails, and as he was going forth he "feared" (εδειλίασεν), but the Reader did not read εδειλίασεν ("feared") as it was written; instead he read εμειδίασεν (to giggle or laugh silently).

As the others were listening, he who looked like Saint Eustratios lifted his gaze and looked at the one who looked like Saint Orestes, and said to him: "Why did you change the word and not read it as it is written? Read it a second time, as it is." The reader read it again a second time, but again changed the word εδειλίασεν, out of his embarrasment. Then Saint Eustratios (for it was indeed him), said to him in a loud voice: "Read it as it is written, as it happened to you, since you didn't giggle (εδειλίασεν) looking at the bed of nails, but you feared (εδειλίασεν)!"

After this exchange of words, the five men disappeared. The priest, seeing this strange happening, stood there for a long time speechless. When he recovered, he finished the Liturgy as he was able. After the Divine Liturgy he turned to whoever showed up in the church by that time and told them about the vision he had. All glorified God, Who glorifies His Saints.


Miracle 2

The following was told by an elder on Mount Athos at the Skete of Saint Anne. This miracle took place while the iconography for the katholikon of the Skete was being done. The icongraphers Athanasios and Konstantinos were asking for an exorbitant amount of money from the fathers of the Skete to decorate the church. Of course the fathers were all poor and the iconographers left for the Great Lavra Monastery to the great sorrow of the fathers of the Skete of Saint Anne.

On the way to Great Lavra, the two iconographers saw five "strangers" on the road that took their breath away when they saw them.

"Your blessings" said the iconographers.

"The Lord" said the five men in unison. They then asked: "Who are you and where are you going?"

"We are iconographers and we are leaving workless from St. Anne's, because we couldn't find the right price with the fathers there to decorate their katholikon."

"These things are unheard of...Is it possible to ask for a large amount of money from the poor fathers, as are all monks? Is it possible? Here, my four brothers say the same thing. Do you agree Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios, and Orestes?"

"We also agree Eustratios!"

The two iconographers lost it, because they realized these five men had something to do with the saints. They also said to the two iconographers:

"Return and draw the iconography for the katholikon, and whatever the fathers give you, take it saying "may it be blessed"; nothing else. Furthermore, on the left wall draw the five martyrs Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios, Orestes, and Eustratios."

Immediately they disappeared before the astonished eyes of the two iconographers, who then were so moved they began to do their cross over and over again. They returned and decorated the katholikon beautifully, having told the fathers everything that happened to them along the road.


Reading from the Synaxarion of St. Nikodemos the Hagiorite:

The Saints, Eustratios, Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios and Orestes lived at the time of the emperors Diocletian and Maximianus (284-305 AD) who were persecuting the Christians. At that time, Diocletian appointed the duke Lysias as governor of the province of Limitanea and Agricolaus as lord of all the provinces of the East.

These five Martyrs respected and believed in Christ from the time of their ancestors, but hid the fact that they were Christians, out fear of these tyrants and persecutors of Christians. Of these, Saint Eustratios came from the city of Aravraka, and was an officer of the Royal Army. He had the desire to express his faith in Christ, but feared the outcome of this action. For this reason he gave his officer belt to a servant and commanded him to go to the church of the city of Aravraka and leave it there. The Saint tooks this action having in mind the following: if his belt, which was left at the entrance of the Holy Sanctuary, was found and taken by priest Auxentius, it would have been a divine indication that he could step forth and reveal his faith and suffer a martyr's death for which he desired. But if the belt was found and taken by someone else, it meant that he would keep his faith in secret because it was not time yet to express it.

The servant complied with the mandate of the Saint, and upon returing, informed him that his belt was found and taken by the priest Auxentius. Thus the Saint took the view that his testimony for the sake of Christ will have a good outcome. Indeed, he then presented himself to Lysias and told him with frankness that he believed in Christ. In addition, the Saint came forth before Lysias as the leader among other saints who came from the military class, and was the first to declare himself a Christian and harshly scrutinized Lysias. After this, Lysias, became furious and immediately deposed him from his office. Then, he commanded the executioners to make him go through a terrible torture. Firstly they removed his clothes and left him naked, and after streaching his body on the ground with a special machine, they started beating him mercilessly with whips. Then, he was tied with a rope and lifted up. They lit a big fire under his body and burnt him. They then mixed salt and vinegar and poured the mixture over his burned body parts. After all these, they destroyed his sides with stones. The Saint and Martyr, however, after the miraculous intervention of God, was perfectly healthy. This led Saint Eugenios to join the faith of Christ.

Then, the executioners put iron shoes on the feet of Saint Eustratios which had spikes inside them, and led him to Sebaste of Nicopolis in Armenia along with Eugenios. On the way to Nicopolis, Saint Mardarios saw him driven this way and started blessing him much for his endurance and patience. Then, he consulted his wife, who encouraged him to also become a martyr for the love of Christ. Then Mardarios came running to Saint Eustratios who was walking, tied himself on the shackles, and told the soldiers that he was a Christian.

As soon as Lysias sat in his judging room, he commanded his soldiers to bring Saint Auxentios before him. There, the tyrant attempted to persuade him to return to paganism, but the Saint refused categorically by stating that he remains steadfast in the faith of Christ. Lysias then became incensed and commanded his executioners and they beheaded Auxentios.

Then, Saint Mardarios was led to trial. But despite the efforts of the tyrant to dissuade him, he stayed committed to Christ. Lysias resented this fact and made the Saint go through torture. Therefore, they firstly pierced his ankles with a iron, and after passing through the holes ropes, they hung him facing down. Then, they burnt his kidneys and back with hot rods. So, in this way, Saint Mardarios became a Martyr and delivered his spirit to the Lord.

Then, the judges led Saint Eugenios in. But he also remained steadfast to his faith in Christ. That is why the executioners cut off his tongue from the root and crushed his legs with clubs. From this suffering the Martyr, Saint Eugenios surrendered his soul into the hands of the Lord.

After this, Lysias went to the exercise field in order to exercise his soldiers. Among them, there was a soldier named Orestes. This soldier was a Christian, but until that time, he hid his faith. At some point during his throwing of the javelin, the Cross that he was wearing came out of his clothes and appeared in the open. So after this incident, he had to confess his faith. Lysias was left dumbfounded by this revelation and with his dictates, the other soldiers tied Orestes with iron chains together with Saint Eustratios. But he did not keep them in Nicopolis to judge them himself, but sent them to Sebaste to be judged by Agricolaus. Lysias, perhaps feared, that by making miracles the Saint would attract many others to the faith of Christ.

In front of Agricolaus, Saint Eustratios who was very well educated and had excellent theological and philosophical training, analyzed throughout Christ's teachings for the salvation of man. With his words, the Saint caused a big surprise but also an unspeakable anger to the tyrant. After this, the Saint was imprisoned. There, in prison, during the night, he was visited by the Bishop of Sebaste, Saint Vlassios (Blaise), and was given Communion. Then, Saint Eustratios give him the text of his will and asked him for its faithful execution. After some time the tyrant commanded his executioners and they first layed Saint Orestes over a burning iron bed. There, the Saint finished his life and delivered his spirit to the Lord. Then, the executioners lit a furnace and threw Saint Eustratios inside it. This is how his life was finished and how he received from the Lord, the wreath of martyrdom.

The memory of the Five Saint Martyrs, Eustratios, Auxentios, Eugenios, Mardarios and Orestes is celebrated by the Orthodox Church on December 13.

In the Synaxarion Eustratios is given the Latin title of scriniarius, that is, "keeper of the archives." The prayer, "Magnifying I magnify Thee, O Lord," which is read in the Saturday Midnight Service, is ascribed to him. In the Third Hour and elsewhere there is another prayer, "O Sovereign Master, God the Father Almighty," which is ascribed to Saint Mardarius.

Their relics were later taken to Constantinople, and are preserved in the church dedicated to them - The Holy Five Companions. They were seen alive in that church.



Prayer of St Mardarios

God and Master, Father Almighty; Lord, Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ and Holy Spirit, one godhead, one power, have mercy on me a sinner; and by the judgements which you know, save me your unworthy servant; for you are blessed to the ages of ages. Amen.

Prayer of Saint Eustratios

I magnify You greatly, O Lord, because you have looked upon my lowliness, and have not handed me into the hands of enemies, but have saved my soul from constraints. And now, Master, let Your hand protect me, and Your mercy come upon me, for my soul has been troubled and is greatly afflicted at its departure from this wretched and soiled body of mine. May the evil plan of the adversary never confront and obstruct it, because of the many sins committed by me in this life in knowledge and in ignorance. Be merciful to me, Master, and never let my soul see the dark and gloomy sight of the evil demons; but may your bright and shining Angels receive it, giving glory to your holy Name, and bring me by Your power to your divine judgement seat. When I am judged, let not the hand of the ruler of this world seize me to cast me, sinner that I am, into the depths of Hell; but stand by me and be for me a saviour and a helper. Have mercy, Lord, on my soul, stained with the passions of life, and receive it pure through repentance and confession; for You are blessed to the ages of ages. Amen.

Apolytikion in the Fourth Tone
Thy Martyrs, O Lord, in their courageous contest for Thee received as the prize the crowns of incorruption and life from Thee, our immortal God. For since they possessed Thy strength, they cast down the tyrants and wholly destroyed the demons' strengthless presumption. O Christ God, by their prayers, save our souls, since Thou art merciful.

Kontakion in the Second Tone
Thou shonest as a most brilliant light for them that sat in the darkness of ignorance, O prizewinner. And armed with faith as with a spear, thou wast not frightened by the audacity of thine adversaries, O Eustratius, most eloquent of orators.

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The Promise to Abraham Fulfilled In Christ


St. Ireaneus, Against Heresies, Book 4, Chapters 7, 10, 11, 23

Therefore Abraham also, knowing the Father through the Word, who made heaven and earth, confessed Him to be God; and having learned, by an announcement [made to him], that the Son of God would be a man among men, by whose advent his seed should be as the stars of heaven, he desired to see that day, so that he might himself also embrace Christ; and, seeing it through the spirit of prophecy, he rejoiced [Genesis 17:17].

Wherefore Symeon also, one of his descendants, carried fully out the rejoicing of the patriarch, and said: "Lord, now let Your servant depart in peace. For my eyes have seen Your salvation, which You have prepared before the face of all people: a light for the revelation of the Gentiles, and the glory of the people Israel" [Luke 2:29].

And the angels, in like manner, announced tidings of great joy to the shepherds who were keeping watch by night [Luke 2:8]. Moreover, Mary said, "My soul does magnify the Lord, and my spirit has rejoiced in God my salvation" [Luke 1:46].

The rejoicing of Abraham descending upon those who sprang from him — those, namely, who were watching, and who beheld Christ, and believed in Him; while, on the other hand, there was a reciprocal rejoicing which passed backwards from the children to Abraham, who did also desire to see the day of Christ's coming. Rightly, then, did our Lord bear witness to him, saying, "Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day; and he saw it, and was glad".

For not alone upon Abraham's account did He say these things, but also that He might point out how all who have known God from the beginning, and have foretold the advent of Christ, have received the revelation from the Son Himself; who also in the last times was made visible and passible, and spoke with the human race, that He might from the stones raise up children unto Abraham, and fulfil the promise which God had given him, and that He might make his seed "as the stars of heaven" [Genesis 15:5], as John the Baptist says: "For God is able from these stones to raise up children unto Abraham" [Matthew 3:9]. Now, this Jesus did by drawing us off from the religion of stones, and bringing us over from hard and fruitless cogitations, and establishing in us a faith like unto Abraham. As Paul does also testify, saying that we are children of Abraham because of the similarity of our faith, and the promise of inheritance [Romans 4:12; Galatians 4:28].

He is therefore one and the same God, who called Abraham and gave him the promise. But He is the Creator, who does also through Christ prepare lights in the world, [namely] those who believe from among the Gentiles. And He says, "You are the light of the world" [Matthew 5:14]; that is, as the stars of heaven. Him, therefore, I have rightly shown to be known by no man, unless by the Son, and to whomsoever the Son shall reveal Him. But the Son reveals the Father to all to whom He wills that He should be known; and neither without the goodwill of the Father nor without the agency of the Son, can any man know God. Wherefore did the Lord say to His disciples, "I am the way, the truth, and the life and no man comes unto the Father but by Me. If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also: and from henceforth you have both known Him, and have seen Him" [John 14:6-7]. From these words it is evident, that He is known by the Son, that is, by the Word....

Wherefore also John does appropriately relate that the Lord said to the Jews: "You search the Scriptures, in which you think you have eternal life; these are they which testify of me. And you are not willing to come unto Me, that you may have life" [John 5:39-40]. How therefore did the Scriptures testify of Him, unless they were from one and the same Father, instructing men beforehand as to the advent of His Son, and foretelling the salvation brought in by Him? "For if you had believed Moses, you would also have believed Me; for he wrote of Me" [John 5:46]; [saying this,] no doubt, because the Son of God is implanted everywhere throughout his writings: at one time, indeed, speaking with Abraham, when about to eat with him; at another time with Noah, giving to him the dimensions [of the ark]; at another, inquiring after Adam; at another, bringing down judgment upon the Sodomites; and again, when He becomes visible, and directs Jacob on his journey, and speaks with Moses from the bush. And it would be endless to recount [the occasions] upon which the Son of God is shown forth by Moses. Of the day of His passion, too, he was not ignorant; but foretold Him, after a figurative manner, by the name given to the passover; and at that very festival, which had been proclaimed such a long time previously by Moses, did our Lord suffer, thus fulfilling the passover. And he did not describe the day only, but the place also, and the time of day at which the sufferings ceased, and the sign of the setting of the sun, saying: "You may not sacrifice the passover within any other of your cities which the Lord God gives you; but in the place which the Lord your God shall choose that His name be called on there, you shall sacrifice the passover at even towards the setting of the sun" [Deuteronomy 16:5-6].

And already he had also declared His advent, saying, "There shall not fail a chief in Judah, nor a leader from his loins, until He come for whom it is laid up, and He is the hope of the nations; binding His foal to the vine, and His ass's colt to the creeping ivy. He shall wash His stole in wine, and His upper garment in the blood of the grape; His eyes shall be more joyous than wine, and His teeth whiter than milk." For, let those who have the reputation of investigating everything, inquire at what time a prince and leader failed out of Judah, and who is the hope of the nations, who also is the vine, what was the ass's colt [referred to as] His, what the clothing, and what the eyes, what the teeth, and what the wine, and thus let them investigate every one of the points mentioned; and they shall find that there was none other announced than our Lord, Christ Jesus. Wherefore Moses, when chiding the ingratitude of the people, said, "You infatuated people, and unwise, do you thus requite the Lord?" [Deuteronomy 32:6]. And again, he indicates that He who from the beginning founded and created them, the Word, who also redeems and vivifies us in the last times, is shown as hanging on the tree, and they will not believe in Him. For he says, "And your life shall be hanging before your eyes, and you will not believe your life." And again, "Has not this same one your Father owned you, and made you, and created you?"...

But that it was not only the prophets and many righteous men, who, foreseeing through the Holy Spirit His advent, prayed that they might attain to that period in which they should see their Lord face to face, and hear His words, the Lord has made manifest, when He says to His disciples, "Many prophets and righteous men have desired to see those things which you see, and have not seen them; and to hear those things which you hear, and have not heard them" [Matthew 13:17]. In what way, then, did they desire both to hear and to see, unless they had foreknowledge of His future advent? But how could they have foreknown it, unless they had previously received foreknowledge from Himself? And how do the Scriptures testify of Him, unless all things had ever been revealed and shown to believers by one and the same God through the Word; He at one time conferring with His creature, and at another propounding His law; at one time, again, reproving, at another exhorting, and then setting free His servant, and adopting him as a son (in filium); and, at the proper time, bestowing an incorruptible inheritance, for the purpose of bringing man to perfection? For He formed him for growth and increase, as the Scripture says: "Increase and multiply" [Genesis 1:28].

And in this respect God differs from man, that God indeed makes, but man is made; and truly, He who makes is always the same; but that which is made must receive both beginning, and middle, and addition, and increase. And God does indeed create after a skilful manner, while, [as regards] man, he is created skilfully. God also is truly perfect in all things, Himself equal and similar to Himself, as He is all light, and all mind, and all substance, and the fount of all good; but man receives advancement and increase towards God. For as God is always the same, so also man, when found in God, shall always go on towards God. For neither does God at any time cease to confer benefits upon, or to enrich man; nor does man ever cease from receiving the benefits, and being enriched by God. For the receptacle of His goodness, and the instrument of His glorification, is the man who is grateful to Him that made him; and again, the receptacle of His just judgment is the ungrateful man, who both despises his Maker and is not subject to His Word; who has promised that He will give very much to those always bringing forth fruit, and more [and more] to those who have the Lord's money. "Well done," He says, "good and faithful servant: because you have been faithful in little, I will appoint you over many things; enter into the joy of your Lord" [Matthew 25:21]. The Lord Himself thus promises very much.

As, therefore, He has promised to give very much to those who do now bring forth fruit, according to the gift of His grace, but not according to the changeableness of knowledge; for the Lord remains the same, and the same Father is revealed; thus, therefore, has the one and the same Lord granted, by means of His advent, a greater gift of grace to those of a later period, than what He had granted to those under the Old Testament dispensation. For they indeed used to hear, by means of [His] servants, that the King would come, and they rejoiced to a certain extent, inasmuch as they hoped for His coming; but those who have beheld Him actually present, and have obtained liberty, and been made partakers of His gifts, do possess a greater amount of grace, and a higher degree of exultation, rejoicing because of the King's arrival: as also David says, "My soul shall rejoice in the Lord; it shall be glad in His salvation". And for this cause, upon His entrance into Jerusalem, all those who were in the way recognised David their king in His sorrow of soul, and spread their garments for Him, and ornamented the way with green boughs, crying out with great joy and gladness, "Hosanna to the Son of David; blessed is He that comes in the name of the Lord: hosanna in the highest" [Matthew 21:8]. But to the envious wicked stewards, who circumvented those under them, and ruled over those that had no great intelligence, and for this reason were unwilling that the king should come, and who said to Him, "Do you hear what these say?" did the Lord reply, "Have you never read, Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings have You perfected praise?" — thus pointing out that what had been declared by David concerning the Son of God, was accomplished in His own person; and indicating that they were indeed ignorant of the meaning of the Scripture and the dispensation of God; but declaring that it was Himself who was announced by the prophets as Christ, whose name is praised in all the earth, and who perfects praise to His Father from the mouth of babes and sucklings; wherefore also His glory has been raised above the heavens.

If, therefore, the self-same person is present who was announced by the prophets, our Lord Jesus Christ, and if His advent has brought in a fuller [measure of] grace and greater gifts to those who have received Him, it is plain that the Father also is Himself the same who was proclaimed by the prophets, and that the Son, on His coming, did not spread the knowledge of another Father, but of the same who was preached from the beginning; from whom also He has brought down liberty to those who, in a lawful manner, and with a willing mind, and with all the heart, do Him service; whereas to scoffers, and to those not subject to God, but who follow outward purifications for the praise of men (which observances had been given as a type of future things — the law typifying, as it were, certain things in a shadow, and delineating eternal things by temporal, celestial by terrestrial), and to those who pretend that they do themselves observe more than what has been prescribed, as if preferring their own zeal to God Himself, while within they are full of hypocrisy, and covetousness, and all wickedness—[to such] has He assigned everlasting perdition by cutting them off from life....

For which reason the Lord declared to the disciples: "Behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look upon the districts (regiones), for they are white [already] to harvest. For the harvest-man receives wages, and gathers fruit unto life eternal, that both he that sows and he that reaps may rejoice together. For in this is the saying true, that one sows and another reaps. For I have sent you forward to reap that whereon you bestowed no labour; other men have laboured, and you have entered into their labours" [John 4:35]. Who, then, are they that have laboured, and have helped forward the dispensations of God? It is clear that they are the patriarchs and prophets, who even prefigured our faith, and disseminated through the earth the advent of the Son of God, who and what He should be: so that posterity, possessing the fear of God, might easily accept the advent of Christ, having been instructed by the prophets. And for this reason it was, that when Joseph became aware that Mary was with child, and was minded to put her away privately, the angel said to him in sleep: "Fear not to take to you Mary your wife; for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit. For she shall bring forth a son, and you shall call His name Jesus; for He shall save His people from their sins" [Matthew 1:20]. And exhorting him [to this], he added: "Now all this has been done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken from the Lord by the prophet, saying, 'Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and His name shall be called Emmanuel'"; thus influencing him by the words of the prophet, and warding off blame from Mary, pointing out that it was she who was the virgin mentioned by Isaiah beforehand, who should give birth to Emmanuel. Wherefore, when Joseph was convinced beyond all doubt, he both did take Mary, and joyfully yielded obedience in regard to all the rest of the education of Christ, undertaking a journey into Egypt and back again, and then a removal to Nazareth. [For this reason,] those who knew not the Scriptures nor the promise of God, nor the dispensation of Christ, at last called him the father of the child. For this reason, too, did the Lord Himself read at Capernaum the prophecies of Isaiah: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He has anointed Me; to preach the Gospel to the poor has He sent Me, to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and sight to the blind" [Isaiah 61:1; Luke 4:18]. At the same time, showing that it was He Himself who had been foretold by Isaiah the prophet, He said to them: "This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears."

For this reason, also, Philip, when he had discovered the eunuch of the Ethiopians' queen reading these words which had been written: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and as a lamb is dumb before the shearer, so He opened not His mouth: in His humiliation His judgment was taken away" [Acts 8:27, Isaiah 53:7]; and all the rest which the prophet proceeded to relate in regard to His passion and His coming in the flesh, and how He was dishonoured by those who did not believe Him; easily persuaded him to believe in Him, that He was Christ Jesus, who was crucified under Pontius Pilate, and suffered whatsoever the prophet had predicted, and that He was the Son of God, who gives eternal life to men. And immediately when [Philip] had baptized him, he departed from him. For nothing else [but baptism] was wanting to him who had been already instructed by the prophets: he was not ignorant of God the Father, nor of the rules as to the [proper] manner of life, but was merely ignorant of the advent of the Son of God, which, when he had become acquainted with, in a short space of time, he went on his way rejoicing, to be the herald in Ethiopia of Christ's advent. Therefore Philip had no great labour to go through with regard to this man, because he was already prepared in the fear of God by the prophets. For this reason, too, did the apostles, collecting the sheep which had perished of the house of Israel, and discoursing to them from the Scriptures, prove that this crucified Jesus was the Christ, the Son of the living God; and they persuaded a great multitude, who, however, [already] possessed the fear of God. And there were, in one day, baptized three, and four, and five thousand men [Acts 2:41, Acts 4:4].
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Derzhavin's "Ode to God" and Saint Herman of Alaska

St. Herman of Alaska (Feast Day - December 13)

In the life of Saint Herman of Alaska as recounted by Governor Yanovsky, we read of St. Herman's love for Derzhavin's Ode to God. Yanovsky writes:

"Once I read to Father Herman from Derzhavin's Ode 'God'. The Elder was amazed, ecstatic, and asked that I read it once more, which I did. 'Is it possible that this was written by an ordinary, learned poet?' he asked. 'Yes, he was a learned poet' I answered. 'It was inspired by God,' said the Elder."

Gavrila Derzhavin (+1816) is one of Russia's greatest poets, and his Ode to God is perhaps the greatest poem in Russian history, and certainly its most translated. Not only has it been translated multiple times in the various European languages, but it was translated even into Chinese and Japanese; it has been stated that it was printed in gold letters on white satin, and hung up in the palace of the Emperor of China; and Galowin says it was placed in the same manner in the temple at Jeddo. He wrote this poem in 1784, before the times of Napoleon.

Below are two versions in English. First is the so-called "literal" version by Nathan Haskell Dole. The second is translated by Sir John Bowring. On comparing Sir John Bowring's translation with the literal version, the reader will notice several departures from the original. These changes by Sir John were purposive, because it did not accord with his views of the perfection of the Deity.

Nothing, however, can adequately represent the splendid swing and movement of the Russian verse, with its mingled strength of vocalization. Some idea of the original may be gained from the following transcription of the first stanza:

ODA BOGA (Ode to God)

Tui, prastranstvom bezkonetchnui,
Zhivui v dvizhenyi veshchestva
Techenyem vremeni prevetchnui
Bez lits, v triokh litsakh Bozhestva
Dukh vsiudu sushchii i yedinui
Komunyet myesta i prichinui
Kovo nikto postitch nye mog,
Kto vsyo soboyu napolnyaet
Obyomlet, zizhdet, sokhranyaet,
Kovo mui nazuivaem Bog!


ODE TO GOD

(Translated by Nathan Haskell Dole)

O Thou, infinite in space,
Living in the motions of matter,
Eternal in the course of time,
Without persons in the three persons of the Godhead!
Spirit everywhere permeating, and One,
Who hast no place or condition;
Unto whom no one can attain,
Who fillest all things with Thyself,
Embracest, vivifiest, preservest,
Whom we call God.

To measure the ocean deep,
To count the sands, the planet's rays,
Might be in the power of lofty intellect, -
For Thee there is no number and no measure;
Powerless are the enlightened spirits
Though born of Thy light
To explore Thy decrees.
So soon as thought dare mount towards Thee
It vanishes in Thy majesty,
As a passing instant in eternity.

Existence, forth from chaos, before time was,
Thou from the gulfs of Eternity didst call forth;
And Eternity, before the birth of the ages,
Thou didst found in Thyself:
By Thyself, self constituted,
Of Thyself, self shining,
Thou art light, from whence light streamed.
Creating all things by Thy single word,
In Thy new creation stretching out
Thou wast, Thou art, Thou ever shalt be.

Thou containest in Thyself the chain of beings,
Thou sustainest them, and givest them life,
Thou joinest together the end and the beginning,
Thou grantest life unto death.
As sparks are showered forth, and rush away
So suns are born from Thee.
As on a bright, frosty winter's day
The spangles of hoar-frost sparkle,
So whirl, flash, shine
The stars in the gulfs beneath Thee.

Millions of kindled luminaries
Flow through infinity;
Thy laws they operate,
Pour forth revivifying rays.
But these fiery lamps
Whether piles of ruddy crystals
Or a boiling throng of golden billows,
Others glowing
Or all alike worlds of light,
Are in Thy presence as night before day.

Like a drop drowned in the sea
Is all the shining firmament before Thee;
But what is the Universe that I see?
And what am I before Thee ?
If yon aerial ocean exist
Millions of worlds,
Hundreds of millions of other worlds, and yet, -
When I venture to compare them with Thee,
They are but a single dot,
And I in Thy presence am naught.

Naught! But in me Thou shinest
In the majesty of Thy goodness;
In me Thou reflectest Thyself
As the sun in a tiny drop of water.
Naught! But life I feel,
Unsatisfied with aught, I soar
Ever aloft unto the heights;
My soul yearns to be Thine,
Penetrates, meditates, thinks:
I am, therefore Thou art also.

Thou art! the order of Nature proclaims it,
My heart tells me the same,
My reason persuades me;
Thou art, and I am therefore not nothing!
I am a part of the universal All,
Established, methinks, in the reverend
Midst of Thy Universe,
Where Thou hast ended Thy corporeal creatures,
Where Thou hast begun the heavenly spirits
And the chain of all beings is linked to me.

I am a bond between all worlds everywhere existent,
I am the utmost limit of being;
I am the centre of living things,
The initial stroke of Divinity;
In my body I perish in dust corruptible,
In my spirit I command the storms;
I am a tsar, I am a slave; I am a worm, I am god!
But marvelous indeed as I am,
Whence did I have my being? Unknown
But by myself I could not have been.

Thy work am I, Creator!
I am the creation of Thy wisdom,
Source of life, Dispenser of all good,
Soul of my soul, and Tsar!
It was necessary for Thy righteousness
That the gulf of mortality should be spanned
By my immortal existence;
That my spirit should be wrapped in mortality
And that through death I should return,
Father, to Thy immortality.

Incomprehensible, Ineffable,
I know that my soul's imagination is helpless
To paint even Thy shadow;
But if it is necessary to sing Thy praise,
Then it is impossible for feeble mortals
To reverence Thee in any other way
Than by yearning toward Thee
By losing one's self in Thy endless variety,
And by shedding tears of gratitude.


ODE TO GOD

(Translated by Sir John Bowring)

Thou Eternal One! whose presence bright
All space doth occupy, all motion guide:
Unchanged through time's all-devastating flight;
Thou only God! There is no God beside!
Being above all beings! Mighty One!
Whom none can comprehend, and none explore;
Who fill'st existence with Thyself alone:
Embracing all, supporting, ruling o'er,
Being whom we call God, and know no more!

In its sublime search, philosophy
May measure out the ocean deep,
The sands, or the sun's rays; but, God! for Thee
There is no weight or measure; none can mount
Up to Thy mysteries. Season's bright spark,
Though kindled by Thy light, in vain would try
To trace Thy counsels, infinite and dark;
And thought is lost ere thought can soar so high,
Even like past moments in eternity.

Thou from primeval nothingness didst call
First chaos, then existence: Lord! on Thee
Eternity had its foundation; all
Sprang forth from Thee: -- of light, joy, harmony,
Sole origin : all life, all beauty Thine;
Thy word created all, and doth create;
Thy splendor fills all space with rays divine.
Thou art, and wert, and shalt be! Glorious! Great!
Light-giving, Life-sustaining Potentate!

Thy chains the unmeasured universe surround,
Upheld by Thee, by Thee inspired with breath!
Thou the beginning with the end hast bound,
And beautifully mingled life and death!
As sparks mount upwards from the fiery blaze,
So suns are born, so worlds sprang forth from Thee.
And as the spangles in the sunny rays
Shine round the silver snow, the pageantry
Of heaven's bright army glitters in Thy praise.

A million torches lighted by Thy hand
Wander, unwearied, through the blue abyss;
They own Thy power, accomplish Thy command
All gay with life, all eloquent with bliss.
What shall we call them? Piles of crystal light,
A glorious company of golden streams,
Lamps of celestial ether burning bright,
Suns lighting systems with Thy joyous beams?
But Thou to these art as the noon to night.

Yes! as a drop of water in the sea,
All this magnificence in Thee is lost:
What are ten thousand worlds compared to Thee?
What am I then? Heaven's unnumbered host,
Though multiplied by myriads, and arrayed
In all the glory of sublimest thought,
Is but an atom in the balance, weighed
Against Thy greatest, is a cipher brought
Against infinity! Oh! what am I then? Nought!

Nought! yet the effluence of Thy light divine,
Pervading worlds, hath i cached my bosom too;
Yes! in my spirit doth Thy spirit shine,
As shines the sunbeam in a drop of dew.
Nought! yet I live, and on hope's pinions fly
Eager towards Thy presence; for in Thee
I live, and breathe, and dwell: aspiring high
Even to the throne of Thy divinity.
I am, God, and surely Thou must be!

Thou art! directing, guiding all, Thou art!
Direct my understanding, then, to Thee;
Control my spirit, guide my wandering heart;
Though but an atom 'midst immensity,
Still I am something, fashioned by Thy hand!
I hold a middle rank 'twixt heaven and earth,
On the last verge of mortal being stand,
Close to the realms where angels have their birth,
Just on the boundaries of the spirit-land.

The chain of being is complete in me:
In me is matter's last gradation lost,
And the next is spirit, Deity!
I can command the lightning, and am dust!
A monarch, and a slave; a worm, a god!
When came I here? and how so marvelously
Constructed and conceived? Unknown! -- This clod
Lives surely through some higher energy;
For, from itself, it could not be!

Creator! yes! Thy wisdom and Thy word
Created me! Thou source of life and good!
Thou spirit of my spirit, and my Lord!
Thy light, Thy love, in their bright plenitude
Filled me with an immortal soul, to spring
Over the abyss of death, and bade it wear
The garments of eternal day, and wing
Its heavenly flight beyond this little sphere,
Even to its source, -- to Thee, -- its Author there!

Oh! thoughts ineffable! Oh! visions blest!
Though worthless our conceptions all of Thee,
Yet shall Thy shadowed image fill our breast,
And waft its homage to Thy Deity.
God! thus alone my lonely thoughts can soar,
Thus seek Thy Presence, Being wise and good!
'Midst Thy vast works admire, obey, adore;
And when the tongue is eloquent no more,
The soul shall speak in tears of gratitude.

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Saturday, December 12, 2009

Saint Spyridon: Protector of the Poor, Father of Orphans, Teacher of Sinners


By Photios Kontoglou

Saint Spyridon is one of the most honored saints of the Orthodox Church, whom Christians call upon in situations, as is St. Nicholas, St. George and St. Demetrios. Kerkyra has his precious relics, just as Zakynthos has the relics of St. Dionysios and Kefallonia has St. Gerasimos.

He was born on the island of Cyprus, of poor parents. This is why in his younger years he was a shepherd who kept sheep. He was very simple in his thinking just like the fishermen Christ chose to make his disciples. When he came of age, he married, and after some years he widowed, and so great were his virtues that they made him bishop in a city called Trymithounda, even though he was completely illiterate.

Receiving this spiritual office in the time of Emperor Constantine the Great, he became even more simple and humble, and shepherded his reasonable flock which Christ entrusted to him with love, though was strict if needed for their salvation. He was a protector of the poor, a father of orphans, a teacher of sinners. And he had such purity and holiness that he was given the grace from above to work many miracles, which is why he is called "the Wonderworker". With his prayers he would gather the clouds and it would rain on the dry earth, he healed the sick, and he punished deceptive people, as he did with certain black marketers for whom he tore down their storage barns in which they kept the wheat even though the people were dying of hunger, and they were crushed together with the wheat. And despite this he lived in such poverty that when a poor man went to him for help to pay a debt, he had nothing to give him, and by a miracle he made a snake that was in the area into gold, gave it to the poor man, he melted it, and payed off his debt. Another time a cataclysm occurred and the rivers flooded the area, but when St. Spyridon prayed, the waters pulled back and the land that was flooded dried up. He healed also the Emperor Constantius who came down with an incurable illness, a deacon who became dumb he made well, evil and greedy people he punished with supernatural strength, and other innumerable miracles did he also perform so that the lawless and unrighteous may fear him and have him as a protector and refuge. But he always had great love and sympathy towards sinners, which is why when certain robbers went one night to steal sheep from his pen, which he managed in order to help the hungry, they went blind and could not escape, crying out for mercy. The saint did not only restore their sight, but gave them also a ram because, as he told them, they suffered all night, and since he exhorted them to be good people, he sent them back to their homes without letting anyone know of the robbery they wanted to commit. He also foretold things before they occurred with exactness, making the people wonder whether he was a superhuman personality, since from a shepherd he was found worthy to achieve such heights. And at the First Ecumenical Synod which took place in Nicaea, St. Spyridon was among the three hundred and eighteen God-bearing Fathers, and though illiterate, he shut the mouth of the heresiarch Arius who was the most learned of all the bishops present.


Throughout his whole life he did not cease to perform miracles. The greatest was that of the resurrection of his dead daughter who arose from her tomb and gave witness to the place she had left some money which belonged to another woman, and afterwards she fell back asleep. Another time a woman whose child just died went to the saint, and implored him with many tears to resurrect him, so accustomed were the people to the miracles of the saint. And he resurrected him through his prayers. When the mother saw the child alive, the same died out of her great joy. And St. Spyridon resurrected the mother as well.

Word of these great miracles spread throughout the world, and St. Spyridon, while still alive, was honored as a saint and wonderworker. And till this day he works many miracles in his shrine which is the treasure of the citizens of Kerkyra.

When he liturgized, angels stood around him which many of the pious Christians saw with their own eyes; and when he said "Peace be to all" the Angels responded "And with your spirit" instead of the chanters. And he was showered in supernatural light.


He reached deep old age in such an angelic state shepherding his reasonable sheep, and ascended to the Lord. His holy relics for a time remained in Trymithounda and from there went to Constantinople where they placed him in the Church of the Holy Apostles in which the relics of many saints were kept. During the Turkish occupation they fell into the hands of a pious Christian named Boulgari and he with great effort brought them to Albania hidden in sacks, and from there crossed over to Kerkyra in a kayak. The Venetians kept them and since then he is found on that island, untouched by the weather, after all that they have endured 1600 years since his falling asleep. In his kouvouklion the saint stands upright, hands crossed, dressed in liturgical dress, and they bring him out in procession twice a year. The people of Kerkyra hold his sacred shrine with great reverence and regard it a treasure of their island. During the time that I worked in the Museum of Kerkyra I came to know Papa-Boulgari, who was the parish priest of the church by lottery, a man who loved the arts and learning. The holy relics work wonders always until today to whoever implores the saint with faith.

In Orthodox hagiography [iconography] St. Spyridon is depicted in old age with a turned nose and with a forked short white beard, wearing a skoufi. The skoufi is strange, like it is Chinese, pointed at the tip. He is never drawn without a skoufi. Except for icons on planks of wood or in other walls of the church, he is often drawn in the Holy Altar with the other great hierarchs Basil, Chrysostom and Gregory under the Platytera. On the paper which he holds, it is written: "To You we offer this reasonable and bloodless sacrifice".


Our hymnology has decorated him with unwithering flowers, which very few of us have meditated on to see how truly they are unwithering.

Apolytikion in the First Tone
O Father, God-bearer, Spyridon, you were proven a champion and Wonder Worker of the First Ecumenical Council. You spoke to the girl in the grave and turned the serpent to gold. And, when chanting your prayers, most sacred One, angels ministered with you. Glory to Him who glorified you; glory to Him who crowned you; glory to Him who, through you, works healing for all.

Kontakion in the Second Tone
Wounded by your love for Christ, O holy One, your mind given wings by the radiance of the Spirit, you put the practice of theory into deeds, becoming a sacred altar, O Chosen by God, and praying for the divine illumination of all.

Kathisma 1 in the Third Tone
You turned a snake to gold, O holy Hierarch, and with your words like cords you stifled Arius who was a wicked and impious heretic, O Godbearing Saint. You, O father Spyridon, made the Emperor well again, and you resurrected the dead, and you drove demons out of men. We therefore come together to honor your venerable memory with hymns of praise.

Kathisma 2 in Tone Four
O Father, you beautified the Church of Christ by your words; moreover you honored by your deeds the image of God, O blessed Saint Spyridon, shining the light of virtue in the world by your temperance, flashing the grace of healing over all who entreat you. And therefore with faith we observe your festive memorial.

Kathisma 3 in Plagal of the Fourth
To both rulers and churchmen at the august convocation ingeniously you explained the power of the Trinity in a manner that honored God. They witnessed you proclaiming the single Divinity and dogmatizing clearly that three are in essence one. Therefore by divine inspiration you brought down the wordy philosopher, by the power of the Spirit, O most godly Hierarch. Intercede with Christ our God that forgiveness of offenses be bestowed upon those who with longing observe your holy memory.

Oikos
Let us now extol Spyridon, the Hierarch of the Lord, who was sanctified from the womb, who received the tablets of grace and divine glory, who was famous to all by his miracles. He was fervent and an eyewitness of divine illumination, a defender of the poor, and spiritual guide for sinners. He proved to be a faithful Hierarch, offering sacrifices at the altar of Christ, and he earnestly prays that God illumine all.

For more information and pictures, see here and here.
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Labels: Iconography, Miracles, Orthodoxy in Cyprus, Orthodoxy in Greece, Saints, Shrines and Relics
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The Economic "Crisis" : An Orthodox Perspective


St. Nikolai Velimirovich on the World Economic Crisis
(this is from a 1929 letter to a priest)

You are asking me, man of God, about the reason and meaning of the present crisis. Who am I that you ask me about this great mystery? "Speak if you have something greater than silence," said St. Gregory the Theologian. And although I find that presently silence is higher than any word, I will, out of love for you, write what I think about this question.

"Crisis" is a Greek word, and in translation it means "judgment". In the Holy Scripture the word "judgment" is used many times. We read in the Psalms, "Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment" (Ps. 1:5). Later again, "I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O LORD, will I sing". (Ps. 101:1). The wise king Solomon writes that the judgment will come to everyone from the Lord (Proverbs 29:26). The Savior himself said, "For the Father judges no man, but has committed all judgment unto the Son." (John 5:22). The Apostle Peter writes, "For the time is come that judgment must begin in the house of God" (1 Pet. 4:17).

Replace the word "judgment" with the word "crisis" and read, "I will sing of mercy and crisis", "Crisis will come to everyone from the Lord", "The Father committed all crisis unto the Son", "For the time is come that crisis must begin in the house of God".

Previously the Europeans, when some trouble befell them, used the word "judgment" instead of the word "crisis". These days the word "judgment" is replaced with the word "crisis", a clear word with one less clear. A drought would come and people would say - "God's judgment!" Flood - "God's judgment!" A war or epidemic would start - "God's judgment!" Earthquakes, locust, other trials, always the same - "God's judgment!" Therefore, crisis is because of the drought, because of the flood, of the wars and epidemics. And people see the present financial, economic catastrophe as God's judgment, but they call it "crisis" rather than "judgment". So that the trouble would increase from lack of reason! Because when the clear word "judgment" was said, the reason that led to the trouble was clear, and the Judge who allowed the trouble was known, and so was the purpose for which the trouble was allowed. But after replacing the word "judgment" with the word "crisis", which is unclear for the most, no one can explain why it is, from whom, and for what. And this is the only thing in which this crisis differs from the crisis that happens from drought and flood, war or epidemic, locust or other tribulation.

You are asking about the reason of today's crisis, or God's judgment? The reason is always the same. The reason for all droughts, floods, epidemics and other troubles is the same as of today's crisis - the falling away from God. The sin of falling away from God has resulted in this crisis as well, and the Lord allowed it so as to wake people, sober them, so that they would repent and come back to him. The crisis is commensurate to sins. And truly, the Lord used modern means to teach modern people: he struck the banks, the stock exchanges, the entire financial system. He overturned the tables of money-lenders just as he once did in the temple in Jerusalem. He created an unprecedented panic between merchants and money-lenders. Stirred up, brought down, mixed up, confused, bestowed fear. And all that so that proud European and American wise men would wake up, repent, remember God. So that they who are anchored in the haven of material comfort would remember their souls, acknowledge their trespassings, and bow down before God the Highest, the living God.

How long will the crisis last? Until the proud culprits acknowledge the victory of the All-Powerful. Until the people would realize that they have to translate the unclear word "crisis" into their native language and would exclaim with the repentant sigh, "God's judgment!"

Therefore you, honest Father, should also call "crisis" "God's judgment", and you will understand everything.

Greetings to you and the Lord's peace!

Greek
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Dinesh D'Souza Talks About Life After Death


Kim Trobee, editor
Friday Five

Dinesh D'Souza is the cofounder and director of the Y God Institute. He served as a White House policy analyst during the Reagan administration. He's authored several books, including What's So Great About Christianity and his latest, Life After Death: The Evidence. He lives in California with his wife Dixie and their daughter Danielle.

1. Tell me about your interest in life after death.

I think the topic of life after death is an interesting one, because if you're a religious believer or seeker or even a non-believer, you have to wonder, is that the end or is there something more?

A couple of years ago a close friend of mine got cancer. He is a successful entrepreneur. I remember he said to me that when something like this happens we discover that the apparent normalcy of our everyday life is a bit of a sham, so that we suddenly reorder our priorities. We realize this big wrecking ball that is waiting for us. So I thought it would be fascinating to tackle this issue. I believed in life after death on the basis of faith for a long time, but I've been debating many of the leading atheists around the country, and they deny life after death. And they claim that they do it on the basis of 'evidence.' They say, "We know science. We have been looking at these studies of the brain. We can tell you we've looked inside the human being. We've looked and looked for a soul. We just haven't found anything in there." So they say, "We can tell you on the basis of reason that there is no life after death." So in this book, I kind of tackle the atheists with their own weapons. And I make a case for life after death on the basis of reason alone.

2. You say that modern science lays the groundwork for such belief. How so?

I think that with life after death, it's a tricky subject, because we can't go over to the other side and come back. We can't interview dead people. We don't have direct evidence. So, we're sort of like detectives on a crime scene, and there's no eyewitness, but there are a lot of clues.

The atheists are always saying, "Give us some empirical evidence." And, in fact, there is some. The evidence is not people who have come back from the dead, but the evidence of people who are very near death -- near-death experiences. And these were first publicized in the 1970s and were initially written off as being anecdotal. But now, there are tens of thousands of these near-death experiences. They occur all over the world and there's a similarity to them. The people who have them are often people whose hearts have stopped. So, they're clinically dead or no brain activity is measured. And yet they claim, very interestingly, that even when the body stops, experience in consciousness continues. Now this is remarkable, because it's kind of like saying, "I took the key out of the ignition, and the car kept running." How can this be? So, the atheists have been making a supreme effort to try to discredit these near-death experiences, but to no avail.

3. What are the distinctions between mind and brain, and how do those affect life after death?

The distinction between the mind and the brain is critical for this reason: The philosopher Socrates a long time ago made an ingenious argument for life after death, and it's worth noting for a moment, because we think of life after death as a religious view sustained by the Bible or sustained by faith. But Socrates didn't rely on that. He made an argument based on reason. And what he said was: If we look inside of ourselves, we discover that we human beings are made up of two kinds of stuff. We're made up of physical stuff: our legs, our arms, our lungs. But we're also made up of mental stuff: our thoughts, our feelings, our emotions, our ideas, our consciousness, our free will. Now those things don't have the same attributes as physical stuff.

If somebody were to ask you, "What is the length of your consciousness?" or "What do your thoughts weigh?" the answer is there's no answer to those questions. Thoughts and consciousness aren't physical things. So as a result, Socrates said they don't have physical attributes. So, physical things break down, bodies decay and die. But, Socrates said that thoughts don't, ideas don't, consciousness doesn't. Those things don't have an expiration date stamped on them in the way that material things do. So, Socrates' argument was: When we die, think of your mind as a kind of vapor in the bottle. You smash the bottle, you haven't smashed the vapor, you've really released it. So Socrates' argument relies on separating the mind from the body or separating the mind from the physical brain.

But what's happened in recent decades is that, drawing on brain science, unbelievers have tried very much to equate the mind and the brain to say they're the same thing. And if they are, then it's very difficult to envision life after death, because no one denies that the neurons in the brain decay and die. If the brain is all there is and our entire mental world, including our conscious, our free will, our moral choices, if all of that is nothing more than the operation of atoms and molecules in our brain, then it's very difficult to see how there could be life after death.

So, what I do in the book is, I have a couple of chapters that show why the mind cannot be reduced to the brain, why the soul cannot be reduced to the simple motion of neurons in the head. The two really are distinct. Now, they go together kind of like the way software and hardware on a computer goes together. And so you need the computer for the software programs to run. If you smash the computer, the software won't function. But again, it doesn't follow that the computer or the hardware is causing the software. The software is actually independent of the hardware. It could run on a different computer. You could download it onto your iPod or a different application, and it'll function just fine. So, all that is a way of saying that our nonphysical realm, while it comes attached to the body, is not the same as the body.

4. In the book, you talk about the Christian view of the afterlife presenting the most compelling argument in favor of such a place. Why is that?

That's very important, because belief in the afterlife is absolutely universal. It's existed in all known cultures. And right away, that itself demands some explanation. Why have all these cultures that haven't always been talking to each other independently derive this idea that we live on after our death?

That being said, there are two main views of immortality: the Eastern view and the Western view. And the Eastern view, which is common to Hinduism and Buddhism, is that we survive, but we don't survive as individuals. Our soul kind of merges with everybody else's soul and with a divine soul into a kind of single oneness and that's all that there is. The Western view, common to Judaism and Christianity, is very different. We survive as individuals. Our soul is ultimately united to a resurrected body. So, who is right? You've got these competing ideas of immortality.

So, in the latter part of my book, I start with a rather interesting and unique claim made by Christianity, which is that life after death isn't merely in the future. It's not just something we have to wait for. In fact, the Jews believe that life after death does occur, but only at the end of the world. So, the Jews are kind of in a long-term waiting period, waiting for the Messiah, waiting for the end of the world. Whereas, in Christianity, the idea is "No! Life after death has already happened in one case. Jesus died and he came back from the dead. He was resurrected." So, He had life after death. And what I say is, alright, let's look at the resurrection. If we can defend the resurrection as a historical event, if it makes sense historically, then the Christian view of the after life rises above the pack. It becomes the one to take seriously. All the other visions of immortality are also ran. So, I look at the historicity of the resurrection and I show that it does hold up by historical standards, objectively applied.

Then in the last section of the book, I explore the radical implications of Christ's teaching about immortality, which is the sort of powerful idea that we can have eternity right now. In other words, we don't just have to wait to die to experience eternity. The moment we become Christians and come into the kingdom, eternal life begins for us at that instant.

5. So what does this mean for our lives right here, right now?

What it really means is that the world beyond the world makes all the difference in our world. And what I mean by that is that if there's no life after death, then we are like passengers on the Titanic. We can rearrange the deck chairs, we can turn up the music – but essentially, we're doomed. If we face that as the philosopher Sartre did – he ended up in despair because he said that means everything we do is pointless; all our past efforts, our current plans, our future projects. Ultimately, there's no meaning to any of it, because we're all going to be decimated by this great destructive force, death.

Now, on the other hand, if there is life after death, that changes the picture totally, because that means that, first of all, we can face death better, knowing that it is not the final end. It is an end, but it is, in some ways, also a gateway to another life. Second, we have a good reason to hope that there is cosmic justice. We have a good reason to hope that good will be rewarded and evil held accountable. That doesn't always happen in this world, but we have good reason to believe it does in the next world. So, we also have a reason to teach morality to our children. And our lives, every day, here and now, take on a meaning and a significance that they wouldn't otherwise have, because we're now part of this larger cosmic drama.

So, all of this is a way of saying that the belief in life after death isn't just about what comes later. It pays very important practical dividends in this world, here and now.
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Greek Diet Can Lengthen Life


by STEPHEN HULL
Mail Online

A Mediterranean diet rich in cheese, nuts and olive oil can protect against heart disease and cancer, new research shows.

A study of 22,000 Greeks showed that large amounts of the foods, combined with fresh fruit and vegetables, cut the chance of death from heart disease by 33 percent.

The risk of dying from cancer was 24 percent lower.

The diet, which varies from country to country, often includes monthly servings of meat and weekly meals of poultry, eggs and sweets.

Vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, olive oil, unrefined cereals, cheese and yogurt are eaten most days, as is fish.

Wine is enjoyed frequently, but in moderate amounts.

Although olive oil is widely credited with many of the diet's benefits, the research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, did not find any one specific food in the diet was responsible for the improvement in health.

Dr Frank Hu of Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston, said the study showed it was more a case of combining particular nutrients or foods which somehow interact to reduce the risks of cancer and heart disease.

Daily physical activity also played a critical role in cutting death rates, the study found.

People who exercised daily for at least an hour had a 28 percent lower risk of cancer or heart disease.
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Turkey Prepares to Join EU in a Building Confiscated from the Orthodox


Asia News
12/11/2009

The new headquarters of the Secretariat for entry into the European Union is an old school of the minority Orthodox in Ortakoy, seized in '90. Embarrassment of Erdogan government and Europe.

Istanbul (AsiaNews) - Unbelievable but true: the headquarters of the Secretariat for the entry of Turkey into the European Union is a building confiscated from the Orthodox Christian community in the 90's. The building is located in Istanbul, in the well-known area of Ortakoy, under the first bridge over the Bosphorus.

Before the seizure, the building was used as a primary school for children of the minority Orthodox in Ortakoy. Here once lived a thriving Orthodox community, now non-existent because of past purges against minorities, executed by the "secular" Turkish State.

Thanks to the policy of purging, the building and many other schools at one point found themselves without students, unused and then confiscated. The forfeiture rule however prevented foundations - owners of buildings - from allocating them to different uses. The community of Ortakoy appealed to the administrative courts in Istanbul, which have yet to rule on the issue. In case of a ruling to the contrary, the Orthodox intend to apply to the court in Strasbourg. The inauguration of the Secretariat took place in the presence of Prime Minister Erdogan, accompanied by Minister for European Affairs Bajis and by various authorities and European representation.

The event has aroused unease in diplomatic circles in Brussels, so much so that on the eve of the inauguration, a senior government official visited Patriarch Bartholomew I to let them know that the courts decision will be respected. The question also arises whether the current Turkish government aware of the building’s history.

Meanwhile in Brussels some discomfort is spreading towards politicians who are champions of Turkey’s entry into the EU. Ankara has not yet shown a convincing European orientation, it is believed that the "champions" are tied to the country by economic and financial interests.

One suggestion for resolving the issue comes from Lakis Vigas, representative of minorities in Turkey in the General Directorate of Foundations. Interviewed by the newspaper Milliyet on the case of Ortakoy, he says a possible solution would be if the Ortakoy foundation were granted the possibility to lease the building to the Turkish nation. This gesture would have a noble purpose: the entry of Turkey into the EU the "source of our hopes."
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Outrage in Cyprus at Tassos Papadopoulos Tomb Raiders


11 December 2009
BBC News

Politicians in the Republic of Cyprus have voiced outrage after thieves stole the corpse of former President Tassos Papadopoulos from his grave.

His ex-rival and successor as president, Demetris Christofias, condemned the "unholy" theft and urged the public to remain calm.

The remains were stolen during a thunderstorm, shortly before the first anniversary of the ex-leader's death.

As investigators sought a motive for the act, three people were questioned.

The desecration is bound to stir up passions over peace efforts aimed at reuniting the Turkish and Greek parts of the island, the BBC's Malcolm Brabant reports from Greece's capital, Athens.

Papadopoulos made many enemies during a long and eventful political career, after fighting British colonial rule in a guerrilla group.

The pinnacle of his career came in 2004, when he made an emotional denunciation of a UN plan to reunite the island, our correspondent says.

His tearful appeal convinced 76% of Greek Cypriots to reject the proposal in a referendum, which Turkish Cypriots overwhelmingly approved.

He died on 12 December last year of lung cancer at the age of 74, and a memorial service is due to be held on Saturday.

'Warped minds'

Police in Nicosia said that three people were being questioned in relation to the theft but no arrests had been made.

There has been no sign of the corpse, which was stolen either late on Thursday or early on Friday, and there were no immediate claims of responsibility.

"This is an unacceptable, unholy, unethical and condemnable act that damages our tradition, our culture and our respect toward the dead," said President Christofias.

Andros Kyprianou, head of the ruling Akel party, described the theft as "macabre and utterly condemnable".

"I am honestly still trying to comprehend what kind of warped minds could even think of doing such a thing, let alone actually carry it out," he added.

State television interrupted normal programming throughout the day to broadcast live reports and reaction to the desecration, AFP news agency reports.

The theft was reported by a former bodyguard who visited the tomb and found piles of earth by the graveside and an empty coffin.

The inscription of the late president's name on a wall above the grave had been spattered with a white substance.

The thieves had to shift a marble slab weighing 250kg (40st) to dig up the grave and apparently used asbestos or gypsum to cover their tracks.

Police described the theft as "deliberate and carefully planned".


TASSOS PAPADOPOULOS
*Born in 1934
*Trained as a barrister in London during the 1950s
*Achieved prominence in the political wing of the right-wing paramilitary group EOKA
*Became youngest government minister, aged 24, in 1959 after independence from *British rule
*Occupied several ministerial positions, before narrowly winning the presidential election in 2003
*Lost a bid for a second term as president in February 2008, before dying in December 2008
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Labels: Orthodoxy in Cyprus, Violence-Crime-Persecution
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Friday, December 11, 2009

The Diplomatic Potential of Romanity in the 21st Century


The National Herald
Christopher Tripoulas
October 01, 2009

In a recent interview with TNH (June 19, 2009), Thea Halo stressed the importance of the Christian genocide that took place in Asia Minor. Ms. Halo called for a concerted effort by all the ethnicities affected by the massacre (Greeks, Armenians, Assyrians) – the first genocide of the 20th century – as opposed to the go-at-it-alone approach presently being undertaken by individual ethnic groups. In doing so, she expresses the characteristic perspective of “Romanity” – which has been overshadowed since the rise of the nation state.

In a post-modern era, with the need for broad collaboration driving individual nations to come even closer through mutual participation in international unions, organizations, and other bodies (EU, NATO, etc.), it is evident that no nation – not even superpowers – can afford to stand alone. The eight years of Bush Administration isolationism that led to Barack Obama’s sweeping victory, amid widespread calls for America to restore its international image, is proof of this. Global developments show that the day may very well come when Romanity - written off as passe by 19th and 20th century Greek politicians eager to mimic the West - might return to the forefront.

On June 24th, Greek author/politician Nikos Dimou was quoted in the NY Times as saying “we used to call ourselves Romans.” Prolific theologian and author John Romanides argues that the revolutions sweeping through Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries were the product of oppressed Roman peoples rising up against Frankish warlords turned landowners. The late Samuel Huntington seems equally aware of this dynamic, maintaining that Orthodox societies are inherently different from the Protestant/Roman Catholic West. Preeminent Greek poet Kostis Palamas summed it up nicely quipping: “We are Hellenes in order to hoodwink the world, but in reality Romans.”

By no means should this be interpreted as an attempt to minimize our connection or relation with Hellenism. However, there is no such thing as a “bridge” that leads from antiquity to the modern era, without being grounded in our medieval Roman past. The term “Roman” is as close to heart a “Hellene” because one does not exist without the other. The Western Renaissance can never truly grasp Hellenism without being baptized in Romanity. And so, it is worth looking into what aspects of our Romanic heritage can be incorporated into the amalgam that is the European Union, and by extent Western culture. Orthodoxy must certainly play a central role. Also, priorities of traditionally Orthodox “Roman” societies, pushed aside with the formation of the modern nation state, must also return to the forefront (i.e., prevalence of a community of “persons” over a society of “individuals”).

Presenting the genocide in Anatolia in its Christian context is a good start. The undertaking would engage members of different ethnic groups who share similar characteristics in a common effort to commemorate the martyrdom of their ancestors. It would bring our communities closer together. It would also help reestablish Romanity as a force in international world affairs.

Meanwhile, there is a growing movement to promote cooperation between Orthodox Christian deputies in the European Parliament. In April 2009 MEPs from Cyprus and Romania broke party lines to join their Bulgarian counterparts in defending the rights of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church against a ruling made by the European Court of Human Rights over schismatics’ attempts to seize local churches. Similar views have been echoed by the new Patriarch of Moscow about trying to advance the values of Orthodox civilization in a Europe whose demographics are rapidly changing.

Efforts to have the Armenian genocide recognized have achieved a good deal of progress, but continually stumble upon the powerful Turkish lobby, and Turkey’s willingness to make good on threats of diplomatic/economic repercussions against nations recognizing the genocide. Turkey's geostrategic stock remains high, in spite of its refusal to allow US troops to pass through its land during the Iraqi War (a show of Muslim solidarity). Until the country is fully discredited in the eyes of its Western partners, or until it overextends itself in its bid to gain regional hegemony, it will prove difficult for smaller nations to go head-to-head with a country of 80 million, with the second largest army in NATO after only the U.S.

Even Greece has come under pressure from certain “new world order elements” or Realpolitik practitioners who “encourage” downplaying the Pontian Genocide and Asia Minor Catastrophe in history books, school curriculums, and political rhetoric. And so, rather than competing against each other to gain support for the recognition of an ethnic Pontian, Armenian, or Assyrian genocide, it would prove wiser to adopt a common strategy. Presenting the genocide as one against Christian Romans of Anatolia would likely muster more support because of the evident religious persecution committed. It would also demonstrate the diplomatic potential of Romanity as a multi-ethnic strategy in the 21st century.
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Labels: America, Europe, Orthodoxy in Asia Minor, Orthodoxy in Greece, Orthodoxy in Western Europe, Politics, Romiosini
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Sacrilege at the Monastery of St. Naum at Lake Ochrid


December 11, 2009
VatopaidiFriend

Hotel Complex Saint Naum
Spa Center

An Orthodox monastery of the 10th century in FYROM has been transformed into a hotel spa and practice Hinduism!

The monastery of St. Naum is located on the southeast side of Lake Ochrid, in the immediate vicinity of the FYROM-Albanian border. Its building is linked to the name of St. Naum, the closest associate of St. Clement of Ochrid. Records about the life and work of St. Naum can be found in three literature works dedicated to his life. Also the Archbishop of Ochrid, Constantine Cavassila, wrote about him. In the Historical Archives of Ochrid there is a "Chronicle" written by a priest that lived in the second half of 19th century. It reveals a series of interesting details about the construction of the monastery, the estate of the church, and the lives of the monks. Among other things, there is a record about a disastrous fire that occurred on the night of 2nd and 3rd of February 1875, when the largest part of the monastery compound was burnt to ashes.

Towards the end of his life, St. Naum of Ochrid built the Monastery of the Holy Archangel where he was buried in 910. The church of Naum was similar to the monastery of Clement, St. Pantheleimon, and was built in a trefoil shape.

In the course of the archaeological excavations carried out after the Second World War, only the foundations and part of the walls of that church were discovered. It is unknown when the church was ruined, but the assumption is that it happened before the arrival of the Turks.


During the Ottoman period (presumably 16th century), on the foundations of the original church, the church that exists today was built in two phases. Today the church is cruciform in a square space with a dome supported by four pillars. A similar dome with a tall tambour was added onto the narthex. The tomb of St. Naum is located on the southern side, in a separate chamber.

In the church there are no preserved frescoes from the time of St. Naum, nor have the excavations prove that there were any paintings in the beginning of the 10th century.

According to the inscriptions in the church, the frescoes were painted in the period of the priest Stefan, in 1806. They were painted by the fresco artist Trpo, son of the Master Constantine from Korcha, Albania.

Particularly impressive are the scenes from the life and miracles of St. Naum of Ochrid. They were painted in he second zone of the chapel above Naum’s tomb. The five painted scenes were passed from one generation to another, and are deemed to be the miracles of Naum. These are: “Harnessing the Bear”, “The Stupefied Monk Who Tried to Steal the Body of Saint Naum From His Tomb”, “Healing of the Mentally Disturbed”, “Horse Thief Who Was Caught at the Gates of the Monastery Church at Dawn” and “The Bucket Leaves Traces in the Rock”. The belief that St. Naum was capable to heal the mentally disturbed predominates. According to some sources, a “hospital” was operating within the monastery in 1662.

The iconostasis in the church was carved in 1711. The authors are unknown. They were influenced by the woodcarving traditions of Mount Athos and they created a genuine masterpiece. During the same year the artist Constantine painted the dais and the holiday icons. Most outstanding are the icons “Crucifixion” and “Entrance into Jerusalem”. The icons of the iconostasis are treated as one of the best achievements from the first part of 18th century.

Two Cyrillic and one glagolitic-cyrillic inscriptions dating from the period between the late 10th and 12th centuries can be found on the pillars of the parvis. These inscriptions testify about the development of the oldest Slavic scripts, Glagolitic and Cyrillic, in the Ochrid region.

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Labels: Orthodoxy in Macedonia, Saints, Secularism, Shrines and Relics
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Memorandum of the People of the Karpas Peninsula


9 December 2009
Hellenic Antidote

I've been given by Bishop Christoforos of Karpasia the following memorandum, which speaks for all the Greeks of this the most beautiful region of Cyprus, calling for it to be returned to its legitimate inhabitants and for it, in any future settlement, to be administered by the proposed Greek Cypriot constituent state.

Memorandum of the People of the Karpas Peninsula

In view of the current talks to resolve the Cyprus issue, being deeply concerned about the future of the Karpas peninsula (which is defined as the area starting from, at its western boundary, a line running from the villages of Akanthou and Trikomo and extending east to Cape St Andreas), we state here the position of the whole of the peninsula's Greek Cypriot people, who overwhelmingly form the population of Karpasia.

1. We state that we fully support a federal system of government that will be in accord with the summit agreements and the resolutions of the United Nations, which will make provision for the withdrawal of Turkish troops from Cyprus; confirm human rights and the three basic freedoms (freedom of settlement, freedom of movement and the freedom to own and use property); and which will exclude any right of unilateral military or other intervention. Consequently, we support the bi-communal talks currently taking place between President Dimitris Christofias and Mr Mehmet Ali Talat, hoping that these will come to a conclusion with an agreed solution.

2. The Third Vienna Agreement

After the capture and occupation by the Turkish army of the Karpas peninsula on 14 August 1974, some 12,600 Greek Cypriots remained in their homes in Karpasia – this amounted to two-thirds of the total Greek population of the peninsula. On the 2 August 1975, the Third Vienna Agreement was signed by Glafkos Clerides and Rauf Denktash, under the aegis of the UN secretary general, Kurt Waldheim. This agreement stipulated, inter alia, that every assistance would be afforded to the Greek Cypriots who remained in the Turkish-occupied north to live a normal life, including rights to education, the exercise of religious beliefs, medical care by doctors of their choice, as well as freedom of movement. In addition, the agreement allowed for those who had previously been expelled to be reunited with their families in Karpasia. This agreement was never implemented. In fact, the Turkish army continued to expel Karpas Greek Cypriots from their homes, so that by September 1976 only a few hundred Greek Cypriots were left, where they remain until today enclaved.
The immediate adoption and application of the Third Vienna Agreement will indicate Turkey's credibility and trustworthiness, prove that it has the potential to honour its signature in any future Cyprus agreement, and will afford the opportunity to the people of the Karpas peninsula to return to their homes, under Greek Cypriot administration.

3. The organisations, local authorities and the whole of the population of Karpasia unanimously state and demand that in any future settlement the Karpas peninsula forms part of the area to be administered by the proposed Greek Cypriot constituent state, for the following reasons:

a) This will result in natural justice, meet the expectations and justify the struggles and sacrifices, not only of the enclaved Karpas people, but all the Karpas people, who are overwhelmingly Greek Cypriot.

b) Cyprus is heavily dependent on tourism for its economic viability. With the Karpas peninsula as part of the proposed Greek Cypriot constituent state, this state will have access to a much greater portion of Cyprus' coastline. Currently, the Republic of Cyprus is in control of just 37.5% of the total length of the coastline of Cyprus.

c) The St Andreas Monastery located at the easternmost tip of the Karpas peninsula is the most important religious and cultural centre of Cyprus' Greek population. It must be liberated so that Greek Cypriots from all over the island can exercise their religious rights without hindrance or restrictions.

d) Such a settlement of the status of the Karpas peninsula is justified on historical and religious grounds, given that Karpasia has, down the ages, always been settled by Greek Christians.

4. We are convinced that the demands of the people of Karpasia are just and must be taken into account during the current talks. We will not accept a solution that will not make provision for the return of the Karpas peninsula. It must be realised by all concerned that for any solution to be viable, it must be just, otherwise, like the Annan plan, which was heavily biased against the Greek Cypriots, it will not be approved.
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Labels: Orthodoxy in Cyprus
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